description the linx otx-***-hh-lr8-hs long-range handheld transmitter is ideal for general- purpose remote control and command applications which require high security and long transmission distances. this unit has been pre-certified for fcc part 15, industry canada, and european ce (433mhz only) compliance, reducing costs and time to market. available in 315, 418 (standard), or 433.92mhz, this small remote has a transmission range of up to 1,000 feet when combined with an lr or lt series module. the transmitter unit can be configured with 1 to 8 buttons and the keypad and labeling can be modified to meet specific oem customer requirements. security is dramatically enhanced by the on-board hs series encoder, which uses cipherlinx? technology, a high- security encryption algorithm and wireless protocol. when paired with an hs series decoder, transmitter identity can be determined and button permissions established. the unit uses a single 3v cr2032 lithium button cell. features ? fcc, canada, and ce pre-certified ? highly secure, encrypted transmission ? 1 to 8 buttons ? customizable keypad applications include ? secure remote control ? keyless entry ? garage / gate openers ? lighting control ? call systems ? home / industrial automation ? wire elimination oem configurations with a one-time nre and minimum order, linx can configure the keypad and label areas to meet your specific requirements. contact linx for details. hs long-range handheld transmitter data guide 0.60" 0.20" 1.375" 2.81" 1.62" 2.00" 1.35" r 0.2" revised 1/28/08 figure 1: package dimensions wireless made simple ? 2 1 3 4 a b c d on on on on fasco lights spa o n o n o n o ff o ff o ff pool part # description otx-***-hh-lr8-hs-xxx hs long-range transmitter mdev-***-hh-lr8-hs hh -lr8 master development system *** = 315, 418 (standard), 433.92mhz xxx = reserved for custom colors. leave blank for standard black ordering information cipherlinx technology ?
page 3 page 2 theory of operation the otx-***-hh-lr8-hs long-range handheld transmitter combines an lr series transmitter and an antenna with an on-board hs series encoder to form a highly reliable and secure rf remote-control transmitter. the lr series transmitter is a low-cost, high-performance synthesized ook transmitter. its synthesized architecture delivers outstanding stability and frequency accuracy, while minimizing the effects of antenna port loading and mismatching. this reduces or eliminates frequency pulling, bit contraction, and other negative effects that are common to saw-based transmitter architectures, providing a significantly higher level of performance and reliability. when a button is pressed on the transmitter, power is applied to the internal circuitry and the encoder is enabled. the encoder then detects the logic states of the button data lines. these states are formatted into an encrypted message that is output to the transmitter module. this cycle continues until the button is released. the encoder data is used to modulate the transmitter, which conveys the data into free space through the antenna. once data is received, a decoder ic is used to decrypt the transmitter?s commands. if decryption is successful, the decoder?s outputs are set to replicate the transmitter?s button states. these outputs can then be used to activate whatever external circuitry is required by the application. the transmitter is compatible with the lt and lr product families. for applications where range is critical, the lr series receiver is the best choice due to its outstanding sensitivity. when the transmitter is combined with an lr series receiver and an hs series decoder, ranges of up to 1,000 feet are possible. applications operating over shorter distances will also benefit from the increased link reliability and superior noise immunity provided by the lr series receiver. 1. characterized, but not tested notes electrical specifications parameter designation min. typical max. units notes power supply operating voltage v cc 2.1 3.0 3.6 vdc ? supply current i cc ? 3.4 ? ma ? power-down current i pdn ? 5.0 ? na 1 transmitter section transmit frequency range: f c otx-315-hh-lr8-hs ? 315 ? mhz ? otx-418-hh-lr8-hs ? 418 ? mhz ? OTX-433-HH-LR8-HS ? 433.92 ? mhz ? center frequency accuracy ? -50 ? +50 khz ? environmental operating temperature range ? -40 ? +85 c 1 security overview the hs long-range handheld transmitter uses the hs series encoder, which is based on cipherlinx? technology. cipherlinx? is a high-security encryption algorithm and wireless protocol designed for remote control and remote keyless entry applications. it provides a much greater level of security and many more features than older technologies on the market, such as fixed address or ?rolling code? systems. additionally, the cipherlinx? protocol is much more advanced than the simple pwm method employed by many systems. by utilizing an advanced serial protocol, cipherlinx? is able to offer superior noise immunity, greater range, and greater link reliability, all of which are key factors in a wireless system. cipherlinx? never sends or accepts the same data twice, never loses sync, and changes codes with every packet, not just every button press. the encryption that is used in cipherlinx? is based on the skipjack cipher developed by the u.s. national security agency (nsa), and is widely considered one of the most secure ciphers available. the cipherlinx? algorithm has been evaluated by independent security evaluators (ise), a company that has testified before congress as experts on electronic security. they concluded that ?in short, the cipherlinx? protocol in the hs series is well-designed and is an excellent choice for applications requiring a secure unidirectional link.? in addition to this high level of security, cipherlinx? also offers a number of features that are unique among remote control products. these include a large number of data lines, internal key generation, ?button level? control permissions, an optional encoder pin, as well as the ability for the decoder to identify the originating encoder. cipherlinx? is based on the nsa-designed cipher skipjack. skipjack is a block cipher that has 80-bit keys and 64-bit data blocks. since each packet is longer that 64 bits, skipjack must be employed in an encryption mode. the particular encryption mode chosen for cipherlinx? is based on the cmc encryption mode, so that the resulting cipher is a special kind of function known as a ?strong prp? (sprp). the encryption mode uses several invocations of skipjack to encrypt the 128 bits in each message. the definition of these terms is quite involved, but more details can be found in ise?s evaluation report at www.cipherlinx.com. the hs series uses a 40-bit counter to change the appearance of each message. this large counter value and the timing associated with the protocol ensure that the same message is never sent twice and prevents the encoder from ever losing sync with the decoder. the user generates the key with the decoder through multiple button presses. this ensures that the key is random and chosen from among all 2 80 possible keys. since all of the keys are created by the user and are internal to the part, there is no list of numbers anywhere that could be accessed to compromise the system. the user or manufacturer may also set ?button level? control permissions. control permissions determine how the decoder will respond to the reception of a valid command, either allowing the activation of an individual data line or not. the decoder is programmed with the permission settings during set-up, and those permissions are retained in the decoder?s non-volatile memory.
page 5 page 4 using the optional keypad pin for higher security applications, the hs series encoder has the option to set a personal identification number (pin) to control access to the encoder. this pin is a four-button combination of the eight buttons which must be entered before the transmitter will send any commands. it will need to be re-entered after fifteen minutes of inactivity. if no pin is created, then the transmitter will activate as soon as a button is pressed. creation of a keypad pin 1. use a paper clip to press the create_key button on the back of the transmitter. the mode_ind led will begin flashing until either a pin is successfully entered or fifteen seconds has passed. 2. to enter the pin, press a sequence of any four buttons. the mode_ind will stop flashing and the pin will be created. 3. to cancel create pin mode prior to the fourth entry, either wait for the fifteen second timeout to pass or press the create_key button. the mode_ind led will stop flashing and no pin will be created. 4. if a new key is created, the pin will be automatically erased. using the pin 1. the pin is entered by pressing each button until all four entries have been made. there is a maximum two-second time limit between entries, after which the pin must be re-entered in its entirety. 2. once the pin is successfully entered, the transmitter will be operational unless it is inactive for fifteen minutes, in which case the pin must be re-entered. contention considerations it is important to understand that only one transmitter at a time can be activated within a reception area. while the transmitted signal consists of encoded digital data, only one carrier of any particular frequency can occupy airspace without contention at any given time. if two transmitters are activated in the same area at the same time, then the signals will interfere with each other and the decoder will not see a valid transmission, so it will not take any action. battery replacement the transmitter uses a standard cr2032 lithium button cell. in normal use, it will provide 1 to 2 years of operation. to replace the battery, remove the access cover by pressing firmly on the label area and sliding it off. once the unit is open, remove the battery by sliding it from beneath the holder. there may be the risk of explosion if the battery is replaced by the wrong type. replace it with the same type of battery while observing the polarity shown in the adjacent figure. typical system setup the hs series long-range handheld transmitter is intended to make user setup straightforward while ensuring the highest possible security. this inherent ease of use can be illustrated by a typical user setup. the typical applications section of the hs series decoder data guide shows the circuit schematics on which the receiver examples are based. 1. create and exchange a key from a decoder to the handheld transmitter the handheld transmitter includes an on- board infrared receiver designed to optically receive the decoder?s key transmission. sending the key in this manner preserves security while avoiding the need for a hardwire connection. the high security key is created and exchanged by placing the decoder in the create key mode. the decoder?s mode_ind led will light to indicate that the decoder has entered create key mode. the decoder?s create_key button is then pressed ten times to create the key. after the tenth press, the mode_ind led will turn off and the decoder will output the key via a 900nm infrared diode on the key_out line. a paper clip is used to press the get_key button on the back of the transmitter. hold the back of the transmitter near the decoder?s infrared diode within twenty seconds. once the key has been transferred, the mode_ind leds on the transmitter and decoder illuminate to indicate success. 2. establish control permissions next, the user defines which buttons on the transmitter will be acknowledged by the decoder. the hs series control permissions allow each transmitter in a system to activate different data lines. this is especially useful in applications where differing user access or activation capabilities are desired. consider this practical example: a three-door garage houses dad?s corvette, mom?s mercedes, and son?s yugo. with most competitive products, any user?s keyfob could open any garage door as long as the addresses match. in an hs- based system, the keyfobs could easily be configured to open only certain doors (guess which one son gets to open!). setting the control permissions is intuitive. the user presses the decoder?s learn button. the decoder?s mode_ind led will start flashing and the user simply presses the handheld transmitter buttons that will be recognized. control permissions are stored when the learn button is pressed again or automatically after seventeen seconds. there are other powerful options, such as programming a user pin or copying a decoder, but these two steps are all that is required for a typical setup. get_key b u tton create_pin b u tton mode_ind window figure 2: button access holes figure 3: battery access battery access +
otx-***-hh-lr8-hs button assignments this diagram illustrates the relationship between the button locations and encoder data lines. assembly diagram page 7 page 6 page 7 instruction to the user this device complies with part 15 of the fcc rules. operation of this device is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. this equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a class b digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the fcc rules. these limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. this equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. however, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. if this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. consult the dealer or an experienced radio/tv technician for help. this equipment has been certified to comply with the limits for a class b computing device, pursuant to fcc rules. in order to maintain compliance with fcc regulations, shielded cables must be used with this equipment. operation with non-approved equipment or unshielded cables is likely to result in interference to radio and tv reception. the user is cautioned that changes and modifications made to the equipment without the approval of manufacturer could void the user?s authority to operate this equipment. place the above statement in the instruction manual or insert card. compliance requirements the otx-***-hh-lr8-hs has been pre-certified by linx technologies for fcc part 15 and industry canada rsp-100 compliance. the 433.92mhz version has also been tested for ce compliance for use in the european union. the 315mhz and 418mhz versions are not legal for use in europe. labeling / instruction requirements the otx-***-hh-lr8-hs long-range handheld transmitter has already been labeled in accordance with fcc, industry canada, and ce regulations in effect as of the date of this document. no further labeling of the unit is needed; however, it is necessary to include the following statement in the end product?s instruction manual or insert card for fcc compliance. industry canada only requires the shaded portion. the eu does not require a statement. page 6 fcc id: ojm-otx-xxx-lr msa f c c i d : o j m - o t x - x x x - l r m s a ic: 5840a-lrmsxxxa i c : 5 8 4 0 a - l r m s x x x a 418mhz 4 1 8 m h z figure 5: otx-***-hh-lr8-hs assembly d6 d7 d4 d5 d2 d3 d0 d1 figure 4: otx-***-hh-lr8-hs button assignments
page 9 page 8 page 9 vcc r1 100k s w1 1 s w2 2 s w 3 3 s w4 4 s w5 5 s w6 6 s w7 7 s w 8 8 com 9 s m1 r2 100k vcc 1 2 3 4 u 3 dpak-x2 vcc gnd gnd 1 2 3 4 u5 dpak-x2 1 2 3 4 u4 dpak-x2 vcc vcc gnd gnd gnd s 1 gnd d1 led r 3 200 gnd r4 100k gnd r5 100k r6 100k r7 100k r 8 100k r9 100k r10 100k r11 100k vcc gnd b1 bat-linx20 3 2 ant1 antenna 1 2 3 4 u2 dpak-x2 gnd 1 data in 2 gnd 3 ladj/vcc 4 rf out 5 gnd 6 vcc 7 pdn 8 tx1 txm- *** -lr gnd gnd gnd r1 3 c1 4.7 u f d6 d7 s el_baud s el_timer gnd gnd key_in tx_cntl data_out mode_ind create_pin s end d0 d1 vcc vcc d2 d 3 d4 d5 u1 lical-enc-m s h s c 3 4.7 u f c2 10pf gnd gnd aout 1 ain- 2 ain+ 3 gnd 4 cin+ 5 cin- 6 cout 7 vcc 8 u6 tlv2 3 02 r21 100k vcc r1 8 9.1m r20 51k c5 0.01 u f vcc vcc gnd gnd gnd gnd c4 4.7 u f r16 9.1m r15 9.1m r19 10k r14 5.1m r17 9.1m ir1 p s 1102 s 2 gnd r22 100k s et for fcc compli a nce figure 7: otx-***-hh-lr8-hs schematic page 8 typical applications the signal sent by the hs long-range transmitter can be received by an lr series receiver module or the lt series transceiver module. the outstanding sensitivity of the lr series receiver offers the best range when used with a linx oem transmitter. the receiver module is then connected directly to an hs series decoder, which will decrypt the transmitted signal. when a button is pressed on the transmitter, a corresponding line on the decoder will go high. this can then be connected to external circuitry to perform whatever function is required by the application. the transmitter and decoder must be synchronized before they can work together. this is done by creating a new encryption key in the decoder, then transferring it to the transmitter as previously described. the adjacent figure shows a schematic for a typical receiver application. the handheld transmitter is set to 4,800bps, so the decoder?s sel_baud line will need to be tied low. the decoder has several unique features, such as send copy, and tx_id. as the name suggests, ?send copy? allows the users and associated control permissions of one hs series decoder to be transferred to another. this is useful if the same users and permissions are desired at multiple locations, such as the front door and back door of a building. please see the hs series decoder data guide for more information on this feature. the tx_id line will output a number associated with the handheld transmitter from which the signal originated. linx application note an- 00156 shows how to use this feature. data guides for the lr series receiver, the hs encoder, and the hs decoder can be found on the linx technologies website at www.linxtechnologies.com. gnd gnd vcc nc 1 nc 2 nc 3 gnd 4 vcc 5 pdn 6 r ss i 7 data 8 nc 9 nc 10 nc 11 nc 12 nc 1 3 nc 14 gnd 15 ant 16 rxm- *** -lr 220 100k d6 d7 s el_baud s end_copy gnd gnd copy_in create_key key_out mode_ind d5 d4 d 3 d2 vcc vcc d1 d0 data_in learn 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 3 14 15 16 17 1 8 19 20 lical-dec-h s 001 from copy inp u t port 100k 100k gnd gnd gnd vcc vcc vcc gnd 220 figure 6: lr receiver and hs decoder schematic rxm-***-lr lical-dec-hs001
master development system the master development system is intended to give a designer all the tools necessary to incorporate the long-range handheld transmitter, lr series receiver, and hs series decoder into a product. the master development system serves several important functions. it allows the performance and features of the transmitter, lr series, and hs series to be quickly evaluated. it shows how to design with the receiver and decoder and how to interface with other components. it also demonstrates the overall system function, making it easy to develop the initial system design. it allows for additional circuitry to be placed directly on the board so that it can act as the first prototype of the product. all of the signals are available on a wire-wrap header for easy connection to external circuitry. when the decoder board is plugged into a usb port on a pc, the kit can be used to activate the features in the included software. when a data line goes high on the decoder, a microcontroller sends a command to the computer via a linx usb interface module to control functions in the software. please see the documentation included with the development system for details. page 11 page 10 online resources ? latest news ? data guides ? application notes ? knowledgebase ? software updates if you have questions regarding any linx product and have internet access, make www.linxtechnologies.com your first stop. our website is organized in an intuitive format to immediately give you the answers you need. day or night, the linx website gives you instant access to the latest information regarding the products and services of linx. it?s all here: manual and software updates, application notes, a comprehensive knowledgebase, fcc information, and much more. be sure to visit often! www.antennafactor.com the antenna factor division of linx offers a diverse array of antenna styles, many of which are optimized for use with our rf modules. from innovative embeddable antennas to low-cost whips, domes to yagis, and even gps, antenna factor likely has an antenna for you, or can design one to meet your requirements. www.connectorcity.com through its connector city division, linx offers a wide selection of high-quality rf connectors, including fcc- compliant types such as rp-smas that are an ideal match for our modules and antennas. connector city focuses on high-volume oem requirements, which allows standard and custom rf connectors to be offered at a remarkably low cost. ? www.linxtechnologies.com figure 8: otx-***-hh-lr8-hs master development system figure 9: the hs series master development software
linx technologies, inc. 159 ort lane merlin, or 97532 phone: (541) 471-6256 fax: (541) 471-6251 www.linxtechnologies.com u.s. corporate headquarters wireless made simple ? linx technologies is continually striving to improve the quality and function of its products. for this reason, we reserve the right to make changes to our products without notice. the information contained in this overview guide is believed to be accurate as of the time of publication. specifications are based on representative lot samples. values may vary from lot-to-lot and are not guaranteed. "typical" parameters can and do vary over lots and application. linx technologies makes no guarantee, warranty, or representation regarding the suitability of any product for use in any specific application. it is the customer's responsibility to verify the suitability of the part for the intended application. no linx product is intended for use in any application where the safety of life or property is at risk. linx technologies disclaims all warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. in no event shall linx technologies be liable for any of customer's incidental or consequential damages arising in any way from any defective or non-conforming products or for any other breach of contract by linx technologies. the limitations on linx technologies' liability are applicable to any and all claims or theories of recovery asserted by customer, including, without limitation, breach of contract, breach of warranty, strict liability, or negligence. customer assumes all liability (including, without limitation, liability for injury to person or property, economic loss, or business interruption) for all claims, including claims from third parties, arising from the use of the products. the customer will indemnify, defend, protect, and hold harmless linx technologies and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, distributors, and representatives from and against all claims, damages, actions, suits, proceedings, demands, assessments, adjustments, costs, and expenses incurred by linx technologies as a result of or arising from any products sold by linx technologies to customer. under no conditions will linx technologies be responsible for losses arising from the use or failure of the device in any application, other than the repair, replacement, or refund limited to the original product purchase price. devices described in this publication may contain proprietary, patented, or copyrighted techniques, components, or materials. under no circumstances shall any user be conveyed any license or right to the use or ownership of such items. disclaimer ? 2008 by linx technologies, inc. the stylized linx logo, linx, ?wireless made simple?, cipherlinx, and the stylized cl logo are the trademarks of linx technologies, inc. printed in u.s.a.
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